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IMAS DM Reference Manual |
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DM Ref. Manual (Page 6) |
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Fractures, Sprains, Strains. Anyone who suspects they have sustained a fracture, strain or sprain of any limb, or body part. Treatment: immobilize the fracture, or sprained limb as best as possible. Monitor for pulses below the fracture site. DO NOT attempt to reduce or straighten the fracture, or apply traction. After immobilizing as best possible, the patient should be referred to a medical facility as soon as possible. Sprains and strains may respond to an application of a cold compress and immobilization. Elevating as much as possible will help control swelling. Sprains and strains should also seek medical attention as soon as possible. In the event of a neck, or low back injury, patient should not be moved if the is any complaints of numbness, tingling or loss of sensation. This should be considered a medical emergency and EMS contacted for appropriate transport.
Universal precautions are measures taken to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens from unidentified, infected persons to others. This involves protection not only from HIV, but also the viruses that cause hepatitis B and other diseases. Body fluids considered to have potential for containing infectious viruses include blood and any body fluid containing visible blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid and amniotic fluid. However, non-blood-containing body fluids not on this list, such as sputum, nasal secretions and tears may potentially transmit other diseases. Key Precautions. 1 Wear gloves when hands may come in contact with any blood or body fluids that are potential sources of blood-borne diseases. 2 Wear gloves when caring for a victim with breaks in skin or mucous membranes. Avoid direct victim care and handling of soiled equipment or supplies when one’s own skin is broken. 3 Wash hands with warm soapy water for 1 minute after removing gloves. 4 Wash hands with warm soapy water thoroughly and immediately if there is any contact with blood or body fluids. 5 Dispose of needles, syringes or other sharps in a puncture resistant container. Never attempt to re-cap needles. 6 Use a disposable ventilation device rather than mouth-to-mouth breathing for pulmonary resuscitation |
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