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IMAS DM Reference Manual |
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DM Ref. Manual (Page 5) |
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We always hope accidents don’t occur; however, S/M does have its risks. We can never predict how people will respond to a BDSM scene. Even the “lightest” play has its risks. In the event of emergency, contact an Officer immediately; it will be up to you to make certain that someone calls 911 and that you are prepared to provide first aid. It is highly recommended that every Dungeon Master seek specialized training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid. Such training is available through the American Red Cross at a modest fee. This book is no substitute for a quality first aid manual. [For further information, see Standard First Aid & Personal Safety published by the American Red Cross]. For present purposes, some basic concepts and measures are shared here as reminders. A person not trained in CPR should not attempt CPR. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) When someone is not breathing, it is possible his or her heart has stopped beating or has a blocked airway. The technique involves opening and clearing the victim’s airway by tilting the head backward, restoring breathing by mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose resuscitation, and restoring blood circulation by external cardiac compression. In any serious life and death emergency, the first priority is breathing. To determine if a victim is breathing, place the side of your face and ear next to the victim’s nose and mouth to feel if any air is being exhaled. Also, see if the victim’s chest is rising and falling. To determine if the victim’s heart is beating, check for a pulse at the carotid artery in the neck. Remember ABC: Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Have someone call paramedic (911) immediately! Airway. Airway must be open. To do this: Place victim on back on the floor. Check for and remove any foreign materials in mouth. If there is no neck injury, gently tilt victim’s head backward by placing one hand under victim’s neck and lifting upward. Place the heel of your other hand on victim’s forehead and press downward as the chin is raised. Breathing. Using a CPR mask: Keep victim’s head tilted backward. Using the hand on victim’s forehead, pinch nostrils together with thumb and index finger. Open your mouth widely and take a deep breath. Place your open mouth tightly around victim’s mouth and give two breaths in quick succession, taking a deep breath between each blow using a disposable ventilation device. Continue this process at the rate of approximately 8 breaths per minute…about one breath every five seconds…until you see the victim’s chest rise. Quantity is important, so give plenty of air! Stop blowing when victim’s chest is expanded. Remove your mouth from the victim’s and turn your head towards the victim’s chest so your ear is over his mouth. Listen for air leaving the lungs and for the chest to fall. Repeat procedure. If victim’s mouth cannot be used due to an injury, hold one hand over the victim’s mouth. Take a deep breath and place your mouth over the victim’s nose and blow into it. After you blow into victim’s nose, remove your hand from his mouth to allow air to escape. Some resistance will be felt when air is blown into victim’s lungs. If the chest does not rise, then there is still a blockage. Open victim’s mouth and check again. Heimlich Maneuver may be necessary. Circulation. Check neck artery for pulse. If no pulse, begin cardiac compression. For one rescuer, give 15 compressions (100 per minute); then two quick breaths. For two rescuers, give 5 compressions (60 per minute) for every one breathe. Repeat until medical assistance arrives. Bleeding. *maintain Universal precautions* Apply direct pressure using a sterile compress from first aid supply. Do not disturb any blood clots that form. If blood soaks through the compress, do not remove the compress, but apply another pad over it and continue with firm hand pressure over wider area. If bleeding is severe, raise limb above level of heart. Continue direct pressure. Do not raise injured limb or neck if a fracture is suspected. Do not wrap compress so tightly as to cut off circulation. Treat for shock. Burns. *maintain Universal Precautions* Burns occurring during play are usually the result of waxing or fireplay. On occasion, a Dominant will rapidly stroke the submissive’s skin with the flame end of a lighted candle. This is safe when done properly; however, painful burns can occur. Burns from waxing are mostly first and second-degree burns, especially when colored waxes are used before white waxes, which melt at a lower temperature. Metallic candles should never be used, as they burn at a much higher temperature and can cause blistering. Similarly, candles made of bees wax should be avoided. Sealing wax, that red, very hot and scalding wax, should never be used in play. First-degree burn symptoms include redness, mild swelling, and pain. Skin is unbroken. Treatment: Apply cold water for 10 minutes or as long as pain persist. If necessary, cover with sterile gauze or clean cloth. NEVER apply butter, lotion, ointment, grease or ice to a burn. Second-degree burn symptoms include redness or blotched appearance, blisters, swelling that can last for days, moist, oozy skin surface, and pain. Any one or all of these symptoms can appear. Treatment: Apply cold water – NOT ice – or cold compress for 10 minutes or as long as pain persist. Pat area dry, apply sterile bandage. Elevate burned limb if possible. Advise victim to seek medical attention. Do not break blisters; do not apply ointments, salves, sprays, butter, lotion or other home remedies without medical advice. Treat for shock. Note that any facial burns can present difficulties in breathing. Third degree burns will destroy all layers of the skin and leave the skin susceptible to infection. Symptoms include white or charred skin, destroyed skin. At the moment of burn, limited pain is actually present because nerve endings have been destroyed. Any or all of these symptoms can be present. Third degree burns are a medical emergency. Treatment: Apply cold compress. No ice. Cover burned area with thick sterile dressing. A clean sheet or towel may also be used. Call 911. Treat for shock. Contusions and bruises.Treatment: Apply cold compress or ice with a towel between skin & compress or ice. If bruise is to arm or leg, elevate the limb above level of heart to decrease blood flow. Recommend moist heat (a warm wet compress to aid healing) after 24 hours and medical attention if severe. Contusions or blows to the head should be treated as an emergency. Convulsions and seizures. Symptoms: Victim utters brief cry or shriek, rigid muscles followed by twitching movements, interrupted breathing likely, bluish color to skin, eyes rolled upward, loss of bowel and/or bladder control, drooling or foaming at mouth (may be bloody), sleepiness and confusion following convulsion, unresponsiveness during seizure. Any or all of the preceding may be present. Treatment: Try to catch a falling victim (with help) and lay victim down gently. Remove any surrounding objects or furniture that could cause injury. Place victim on their left side if possible. If breathing stops and doesn’t return after seizure, treat for CPR. Do not interfere with convulsive movements; however, just ensure that victim does not injure self. Do not try to put a spoon, wallet, pencil or any object between victim’s teeth. Loosen any tight clothing. After seizure, place victim on side to prevent choking on secretions, vomit, or blood. Keep crowd away. Check for other injuries…see ABC above. Someone stay with victim until recovered. Victim will often be confused or groggy. Seek medical attention promptly, particularly if followed by second convulsion or the initial seizure last more than 10 minutes - is considered a medical emergency. Electric shock. Treatment: If victim is still on contact with electrical source, turn off power before touching victim! If that’s not possible, loop a belt, rope or other non-conductive material around victim – not the neck! — and use it to pull them to safety. The effect of electric shock on the heart is great. Since a person can die up to 24 hours following a strong electric shock, recommend that person seek medical attention quickly. Treat according to ABC Fainting. This is a temporary loss of consciousness that occurs when there is an inadequate blood supply to the brain. Recovery usually occurs within a few minutes. Help victim avoid further injury…catch as catch can! If recovery does not seem complete within a few minutes, call 911. Symptoms similar to Traumatic shock below. Heart attack. Have someone call 911. Loosen clothing or bonds, keep victim warm. Treat for ABC. Traumatic shock. Symptoms: Disorientation, Pale or bluish skin, cool to the touch, Moist clammy skin, Overall weakness, Rapid pulse (over 100), Rapid breathing, shallow, irregular; deep sighing, Restlessness, anxiety, “Thirsty,” Nausea, vomiting, Sunken eyes, pupils widely dilated, appearance of “dry eyes,” Unresponsiveness or inappropriate response to questions, Skin blotchy, streaked (other than “marks”), Possible unconscious, Any or all of above may be present Treatment: Treat for ABC. Keep victim lying down. Keep warm. If shock is result of injury, elevate feet 8” – 12.” If shock is experiencing chest pain (heart attack?) do not elevate feet, elevate head to 45 degrees. Do not give liquids if patient is unconscious. Reassure victim. Get information from victim re: nature of problem, last meal, water and the emergency contact information. Contact paramedic (911) if shock does not quickly resolve. |
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